![]() Vestibule: A cavity considered a part of the membranous labyrinth, this structure contains two sacs: the utricle and the saccule.This bone also has a head, which connects with the lenticular process, and two limbs that attach to the oval base, which connects with the oval window. In its middle, it accesses the oval window as part of the mechanism that carries sound to the inner ear. Stapes (stirrup): This bone connects with the incus on the side via the incudostapedial joint.The short limb runs towards the back of the body, attaching to the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity. Via the incudostapedial joint, it links to the stapes. The long limb runs parallel to the handle of the malleus and terminates as it accesses the tenticular process. The body is connected to the malleus by way of the incudomalleolar joint and sits in a space called the epitympanic recess. Incus (anvil): This connects the malleus and stapes and consists of three portions: the body, and the long and short limbs.The anterior is linked to the carotid wall, and the lateral is attached to the middle surface of the tympanic membrane. Malleus (hammer): Attached to the tympanic membrane on its outer side, and the incuse via a joint called the incudomalleolar joint, it has a head connected to the tegmental wall of the middle ear, and a neck, which has two portions: the anterior and lateral processes.The inner, medial surface is convexed towards the middle ear and connects with the malleus bone of the middle ear. It has a more flaccid part (pars flaccida), and a more taut part (pars tensa). It is composed of a membrane attached by fibrous cartilage to the surrounding bone. Tympanic membrane (eardrum): This portion represents the border between the external and middle ear.The inner portion-representing about two-thirds of its course-is surrounded by temporal bone and terminates at the tympanic membrane. This portion curves, slightly up and to the back, before bending forward and down. Its outer portion is surrounded by cartilage, and the inner part is surrounded by bones of the skull. ![]() External acoustic meatus: This is the bone and cartilage lined canal that leads from the outside to the inside of the ear.The auricle also has, at its center, a space next to the opening of the external acoustic meatus (ear canal) called a concha, which is partially covered by a triangular flap of cartilage known as the tragus. Parallel to this is another curved structure called the antihelix, which has a triangular upper fossa (space) bound by the borders of the helix and antihelix. Notable among these is the outer rim or helix, which runs from the skull and bends around to terminate at the ear lobe. The inner aspect serves as an attachment, and the outer is instrumental in hearing and has characteristic ridges and grooves. It has an outer (lateral) and an inner (medial) aspect. Auricle: The outwardly visible part of the ear is composed of skin and cartilage, and attaches to the skull.
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